Business to business system in supply Chain extension Essay Example for Free

Business to business system in supply Chain extension Essay In the aerospace sector, manufacturers are making strategic efforts to consolidate their supply base and forge stronger relationships with remaining suppliers (Stundza, 1999). For example, Boeing consolidated and standardized its supply contracts and plans to reduce its number of suppliers from 3,100 to 2,700 (Stundza, 2000b). Bowman (1998) notes that within the last year in the logistics industry shippers are increasingly bidding at the corporate level. More of them are making decisions by committee, whittling down their international provider base to a bare minimum. For example, he notes that about 40 percent of the global accounts of APL Ltd. , a worldwide logistics provider, had some type of logistics council or centralized body for purchasing, strategizing, and decision making. 8 To set the stage for PSM change, innovative customers are conducting comprehensive, corporate-wide spend analyses 9 to better understand their primary sources of expenditures and to then target their PSM improvement initiatives (e.g. , quality, speed, or cost effectiveness) on those goods and services that represent their largest and most strategic expenditures (see Owens et al. , 1998, and Laseter, 1998). 10 Customers are also stratifying their supply base by effect on results and level of strategic risk and then matching the specific management approach and type of relationship formed with particular suppliers to (Moore, Baldwin, Camm, and Cook 2002, 6 7). The truth of the matter is that the chains grew because they introduced a method of retail distribution for which there was a definite need and which the old wholesaler-retailer system failed to supply. To what extent the old system was inherently deficient and to what extent its shortcomings could be and have been corrected must be discussed now, not for the sake of stressing the imperfections of a competitive system but in order to contrast certain features of the chain-store system. The ideal distribution system would bridge the gap between production and consumption with maximum efficiency at minimum cost. Without any question, the outstanding inherent defect of the old wholesaler-retailer system lay in the fact that, under it, the wholesale function and the retail function are performed by separate, independent factors, whereas, under the chain-store system, the two functions are, to a major extent, combined. In no sense does the chain-store system eliminate the wholesale function: it still has to be performed, but, whereas under the old system the wholesaler exercised no control over his retail outlets nor did the retailer have any control over his sources of supply, under the chain-store system both functions are performed by the same organization and the control is unified. That this basic difference between the two systems has been partly nullified by the development of voluntary chains of various kinds is true. But the fact remains that such organizations did not come prominently into the picture until the chains had established themselves on a firm basis. When the chains were making their greatest strides, the old wholesaler-retailer set-up provided their principal competition. Reduced to its simplest terms, the main result of the essential difference between the two systems lies in the fact that under the old plan it is necessary for the wholesaler to sell to the retailer before the merchandise can find its way into consumption. Under the chain-store system, this intervening selling process, with all its disadvantages, is obviated. (Lebhar 1963, 87- 88) In 1981, standards for shipping containers were adopted; these facilitated the extension of the UPC into the emerging supply chain processes then appearing in both manufacturing and retailing industries. One of the reasons that the UPC had to spread grew out of the fact that not all goods sold in grocery stores were food; they included health and beauty aids, household cleaners, and so forth, which came from other industries. To take full advantage of the technology, the Grocery Industry wanted others to adopt the symbol as well. During the 1980s and 1990s, that was what happened. (Cortada 2004, 299) a. Keywords ? GDP = the growth development project is one of the most important factors in determining the standing of the country in terms of their economic inflation. ? e-buisness = is one of the most popular business internet market the products here are quite fast in the presentation to the client or so called the customer. ? Probability of UK GDP = this is something to do with the computation of the GDP of UK. This will reveal the trends of the UK if the economic inflation will fall or ascent. ? Linear regression= is the model that will suit in some computation for economic studies. This will also lead the person to identify the trends of the business to the market place. b. Basic Definitions and Terms The following terms were formulated for more understanding: ? Business to business (B2B) = It refers to the business situation and ? Inflation = This means that †¦.. ? Information technology = This refers to †¦.. c. Primary Sources d. Map out Important Areas e. Originality f. Review Conclusion.

Albert Einstein And His Theories :: essays research papers

Albert Einstein and His Theories Einstein, Albert (1879-1955), German-born American physicist and Nobel laureate, best known as the creator of the special and general theories of relativity and for his bold hypothesis concerning the particle nature of light. He is perhaps the most well-known scientist of the 20th century. Einstein was born in Ulm on March 14, 1879, and spent his youth in Munich, where his family owned a small shop that manufactured electric machinery. He did not talk until the age of three, but even as a youth he showed a brilliant curiosity about nature and an ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts. At the age of 12 he taught himself Euclidean geometry. Einstein hated the dull regimentation and unimaginative spirit of school in Munich. When repeated business failure led the family to leave Germany for Milan, Italy, Einstein, who was then 15 years old, used the opportunity to withdraw from the school. He spent a year with his parents in Milan, and when it became clear that he would have to make his own way in the world, he finished secondary school in Arrau, Switzerland, and entered the Swiss National Polytechnic in Zà ¼rich. Einstein did not enjoy the methods of instruction there. He often cut classes and used the time to study physics on his own or to play his beloved violin. He passed his examinations and graduated in 1900 by studying the notes of a classmate. His professors did not think highly of him and would not recommend him for a university position. For two years Einstein worked as a tutor and substitute teacher. In 1902 he secured a position as an examiner in the Swiss patent office in Bern. In 1903 he married Mileva Marià §, who had been his classmate at the polytechnic. They had two sons but eventually divorced. Einstein later remarried. Early Scientific Publications In 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Zà ¼rich for a theoretical dissertation on the dimensions of molecules, and he also published three theoretical papers of central importance to the development of 20th-century physics. In the first of these papers, on Brownian motion, he made significant predictions about the motion of particles that are randomly distributed in a fluid. These predictions were later confirmed by experiment. The second paper, on the photoelectric effect, contained a revolutionary hypothesis concerning the nature of light. Einstein not only proposed that under certain circumstances light can be considered as consisting of particles, but he also hypothesized that the energy carried by any light particle, called a photon, is proportional to the frequency of the radiation.

How a Job Analysis Is Used to Create a Job Description

Explain How a Job Analysis is used to create a Job Description The team was comfortable differentiating between job analysis and job design. Most of us, as first level supervisors, have some to little input into the job analysis but usually have much more input into the job design. The team was comfortable comprehending the objective of how a job analysis is used to create a job description. Several of the team members have had some sort of experience with job analysis or at least were comfortable with the concept.From the reading, we learned that the purpose of job analysis is to â€Å"specify the work to be done and the personal characteristics that are required to do the work† (Cascio, 2010, p. 167). Human Resources (HR) will develop the job analysis based on the needs of the customer. We also learned that HR will use the customer’s requirements to conduct a thorough job analysis to determine the tasks, experience level, and other job characteristics or requirements of a job.Most students, in their jobs, do not have a hand in analyzing what was needed for a certain tasks received from higher leadership, but instead had to fill the task with the most qualified person. Another student, in his role as a manager, has developed statements of work and the job descriptions for each required position. This student has used the technique numerous times throughout his career.The group agrees that a proper and legal job analysis is best summed up by two statement â€Å"To ensure job relatedness, employers must be able to link required knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics (measures of which candidates actually are assessed on) to essential job functions† and â€Å"Finally, recognize that under the ADA it is imperative to distinguish â€Å"essential† from â€Å"nonessential† functions prior to announcing a job or interviewing applicants. Cascio, 2010, p. 169). Explain the Functions of a Job Description Like the first objective, the team was comfortable with the explanation of a job description. The functions of a job description was a simple topic to understand. We learned from the reading that the job description is a direct result of job analysis (Cascio, 2011, p. 167). Most of us have had at some time dealt with job or duty descriptions as part of our jobs.In fact each of us, when we applied for our jobs, had to read and understand the details and requirements of the job description. Two student have had a hand in creating job descriptions for positions on contracts that they have worked on or managed. Job description shows the tasks required to fulfill customer requirements. Another student expressed how being in tune with the responsibilities of one’s’ job is critical for the success of the business.Goals are also essential, as they allow workers to understand what they are doing on a daily basis and how these goals relate to company objectives and the strategic plan. The rea dings introduced a couple of other job descriptions used today: behavioral and video. References Cascio, W. F. (2010). Managing human resources: Productivity, quality of work life, profits (8th ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Retrieved from University of Phoenix Library website: https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx

Taylor s Campaign The Homeless - 1690 Words

Taylor’s Campaign: The Homeless Kristal Lopez California State University, Fullerton Sociology 371 Section 02 Abstract Homeless are people who do not have the basic necessities to survive which leads them to living on the streets. In places like Santa Monica there are many homeless and rather than the city addressing the problem they are just making it like it doesn’t exist. Forcing the homeless to fix the situation when they are not able to get through. Middle class Santa Monica residents see the homeless as a burden that they wish they did not exist. Since, they continue to be a dilemma some have even considered being homeless should be a crime since they continue to invade public space. The way we treat the issue is made to seem as†¦show more content†¦Homeless tend to be put into four different categories. The first category is the older alcoholic with personal problems. The second category is the deinstitutionalized bag lady. Next is the disorganized drug-taking panhandler. Finally, the homeless that tend to be just like you and me and are only in their situation outta luck. What seems to be the most difficult situation is that they are not given the necessary attention to solve the issue. The homeless face a daily struggle especially because those who do have a home consider them a burden to society. The middle class residents of San Monica want nothing to do with them. The homeless for the most part tend to not bother anybody, unless they are asking for money, but even then they try to earn money on their own. When the public was asked what they thought about the homeless they considered them a waste of space and human life. Some people believe that giving free things to the homeless is not correct because it enables. They think if free things are given to them that they will continue to be lazy and will not want to prosper on their own. They see the homeless community as intimidating. Also the public is mad because others associate homelessness with Santa Monica. While other people do not like the issue, they wish the homeless did not bother them and the issue did not exist. The city of Santa Monica made a video about how people should no